![]() 2 The inhibition of aconitase interferes with cellular respiration and the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Fluorocitrate inhibits aconitase and the oxidation of citric acid, resulting in blockage of the TCA cycle, energy depletion, citric and lactic acid accumulation, and a decrease in blood pH. Fluoroacetate and fluoroacetamide combine with acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) to form fluoroacetyl CoA, which then combines with oxaloacetate to produce fluorocitrate. The classic theory of 1080 poisoning is the so-called lethal synthesis effect on the Krebs or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (Figure 77-1). They are not known to accumulate in any one tissue. LD 50, Median lethal dose IV, intravenous.Ĭompounds 10 are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, abraded skin, and mucous membranes, but not through intact skin. Table 77-1 Toxic Doses of 1080 in Select Species The quantity of 1081 necessary to kill dogs, rabbits, and sheep is two to five times more than the 1080 dose. 1 The toxic dose of 1080 for dogs or cats is as little as 0.05 mg/kg body weight ( Table 77-1). Compound 1081 has a slower onset of action, and animals may display fewer neurological signs. ![]() Because tissue residues are minimal, the ingestion of muscle from a poisoned carcass is unlikely to cause toxicity in carnivores. ![]() Birds are most resistant to poisoning, followed by (in order of increasing sensitivity) rodents, primates, horses, rabbits, ruminants, and carnivores. The reason for the wide variation in toxicity is not known. 5, 6Īnimals have different susceptibilities to 1080 (and 1081) poisoning. 4 – 6 Clinical signs associated with the adverse effects of 5-fluorouracil and fluorinated ethanes resemble those seen with 1080 toxicity. 3Ĭompound 1080 is also an important toxic metabolite associated with the chemotherapeutic anticancer agent 5-fluorouracil and some fluorinated ethanes that may be toxic when inhaled. There is no currently registered use of 1081 in the United States. In the United States the only currently registered use of 1080 is in a livestock protection collar for sheep and goats. Although this restriction is intended to control its release in the environment and to target specific predators, unintentional poisoning of nontargeted animals occurs. At the present time, the use of 1080 is restricted to trained, licensed applicators. Because these compounds are toxic to carnivores, they have been manufactured for the control of predators, such as the coyote ( Canis latrans). 1 These and other plants containing fluoroacetate are known to poison livestock. 2 Fluoroacetate also occurs naturally in a variety of plants in Africa (Dichapetalum cymosum and Dichapetalum toxicarium), Australia ( Acacia georginae, Gastrolobium spp and Oxylobium spp), and South America (Palicourea marcgravii). 1 Both compounds are white, odorless, tasteless, water soluble, and highly toxic poisons. ![]() Fluoroacetamide (compound 1081) was developed soon afterward as a less toxic alternative to 1080. Commonly termed 1080, this compound was identified as an effective rodenticide in the 1940s. Sodium monofluoroacetate (fluoroacetate, SMFA, and compound 1080) is a pesticide used to control rodents and other pests in the United States and worldwide. Rapid onset of rigor mortis with extensor rigidity is often observed postmortem.
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